In situ measurements involve collecting data or conducting experiments directly within the natural environment of interest, rather than in a laboratory setting or through remote sensing techniques. This approach allows researchers to gather real-time, accurate data on a variety of environmental factors, such as temperature, pressure, chemical composition, and biological activity. In situ measurements play a crucial role in a wide range of scientific fields, including environmental science, oceanography, geology, and atmospheric research, providing valuable insights into complex natural processes and systems. This method is particularly useful for studying dynamic or difficult-to-access environments, where on-site measurements are necessary to obtain reliable data.